ROMPIMENTO DA BARRAGEM DE FUNDÃO: CONTEXTUALIZAÇÃO E LEVANTAMENTO DA EVOLUÇÃO DAS NORMATIVAS RELACIONADAS ÀS BARRAGENS DE REJEITOS DA INDÚSTRIA DE MINÉRIOS NO BRASIL
Abstract
The mining industry is one of the main sources of income in Brazil, with the disposal of tailings in dams being the most commonly used method for waste storage. In recent years, several incidents of dam failures have been observed. The environmental tragedy that occurred
in the municipality of Mariana/MG, in 2015, caused by the rupture of the Fundão tailings dam, is one of the most severe examples. This study aimed to provide context on the Fundão dam rupture, as well as to analyze the applicable environmental legislative regulations for dams based on a literature review. The results showed that Ibama classifies the rupture as an environmental disaster due to its magnitude and the impacts generated, affecting the local ecosystem and causing significant socioeconomic damage. Among the causes of the rupture, hypotheses include tailings liquefaction, seismic activity, structural failures, dam capacity exceeding, and negligence by the mining company and the responsible oversight bodies. It was observed that there is a direct relationship between mining companies and environmental destruction, and that the state of Minas Gerais has been marked by such large-scale events. Regarding the history of Brazilian dam regulations, the National Environmental Council (Conama) published the first terms related to the impacts caused by Brazilian dams in the country's legal framework in 1986, making dams and dikes subject to environmental licensing. Thus, mining companies became more cautious, formulating national and local regulations to improve the construction, maintenance, and safety conditions of dams. However, ruptures continue to occur, highlighting the urgent need to improve the enforcement of regulations, with investment in inspections and the appreciation of environmental professionals. Therefore, it was observed that laws are subject to constant changes according to the occurrence of new historical events.
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Copyright (c) 2024 Bianca Louise Bertotti, Luciana Graciano
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