MICROBIOMA FÚNGICO RESISTENTE AO GLIFOSATO EM SOLOS NA CIDADE DE UMUARAMA, PARANÁ, BRASIL

Abstract

The soil microbiome is mainly composed of bacterial and fungal species. These microorganisms play essential roles in maintaining and balancing the environment, such as nutrient cycling, aiding in nutrient absorption, carbon storage by plants, bioremediation, biocontrol, among others. Currently, Brazil stands out globally in agricultural production, leading to the use of soil pesticides, particularly glyphosate, a broad-spectrum pesticide. Therefore, the objective of this study is to investigate the influence of glyphosate on the diversity and abundance of fungi in the soil microbiome in the Umuarama region, Brazil. Soil samples were collected from two locations: an organic garden without glyphosate application and another with regular pesticide application. In the Biology laboratory of the Federal Institute of Paraná-Campus Umuarama, soil samples were weighed, homogenized in saline solution, and serial dilutions (up to 10^-3) were plated on Sabouraud agar medium containing 300 ppm of glyphosate and antibiotics. After growth, colonies were counted and subcultured. Subsequently, monosporic culture and microcultivation were performed to identify fungal genera through optical microscopy. The results showed a higher frequency of yeast-like colonies in soils with glyphosate application and a higher frequency of Penicillium colonies in soils without herbicide application. Observing the results, it is evident that regular glyphosate application alters the composition of the soil fungal microbiome. Further studies are important for a better understanding of these changes, which could serve as a warning regarding the high use of pesticides in Brazil.